References

  1. Hogan MT. Cutaneous infections associated with HIV/AIDS. Dermatol  Clin 2006;24:473-95, vi. 
  2. Dworkin RH, Johnson RW, Breuer J, et al. Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44 Suppl 1:S1-26. 
  3. Wareham DW, Breuer J. Herpes zoster. BMJ  2007;334:1211-5.
  4. Hogan MT. Cutaneous infections associated with HIV/AIDS. Dermatol  Clin 2006;24:473-95, vi. 
  5. Gebo KA, Kalyani R, Moore RD, et al. The incidence of, risk factors for, and sequelae of herpes zoster among HIV patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;40:169-74. 
  6. Vanhems P, Voisin L, Gayet-Ageron A, T et al. The incidence of herpes zoster is less likely than other opportunistic infections to be reduced by highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr2005;38:111-3. 
  7. Hogan MT. Cutaneous infections associated with HIV/AIDS. Dermatol  Clin 2006;24:473-95, vi. 
  8. Grabar S, Tattevin P, Selinger-Leneman H, et al. Incidence of herpes zoster in HIV-infected adults in the combined antiretroviral therapy era: results from the FHDH-ANRS CO4 cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60:1269-77. 
  9. Gebo KA, Kalyani R, Moore RD, et al. The incidence of, risk factors for, and sequelae of herpes zoster among HIV patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;40:169-74. 
  10. Martinez E, Gatell J, Moran Y, et al. High incidence of herpes zoster in patients with AIDS soon after therapy with protease inhibitors. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:1510-3. 
  11. Lehloenya R, Meintjes G. Dermatologic manifestations of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:549-70, vii. 
  12. Gershon AA, Mervish N, LaRussa P, et al. Varicella-zoster virus infection in children with underlying human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 1997;176:1496-500. 
  13. Dwyer DE, Cunningham AL. Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections. Med J Aust 2002;177:267-73. 
  14. Gershon AA. Prevention and treatment of VZV infections in patients with HIV. Herpes 2001;8):32-6. 
  15. Dwyer DE, Cunningham AL. Herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections. Med J Aust 2002;177:267-73. 
  16. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Varicella vaccine update. Pediatrics 2000;105(1 Pt 1):136-41. 
  17. Bekker V, Westerlaken GH, Scherpbier H, et al. Varicella vaccination in HIV-1-infected children after immune reconstitution. AIDS 2006;20:2321-9. 
  18. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Varicella vaccine update. Pediatrics 2000;105(1 Pt 1):136-41. 
  19. National Health and Medical Research Council. The Australian Immunisation Handbook. 10th edition. Updated June 2015. 
  20. Smith L. Practice Guidelines ACIP Recommendations for prevention of varicella. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76:1396-402. 
  21. National Health and Medical Research Council. The Australian Immunisation Handbook. 10th edition. Updated June 2015. 
  22. Smith L. Practice Guidelines ACIP Recommendations for prevention of varicella. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76:1396-402. 
  23. Shafran SD. Live attenuated herpes zoster vaccine for HIV-infected adults. HIV Med 2016;17:305-10. 
  24. Vafai A, Berger M. Zoster in patients infected with HIV: a review. Am J Med Sci 2001;321:372-80. 
  25. Barnabas RV, Baeten JM, Lingappa JR, et al. Acyclovir prophylaxis reduces the incidence of herpes zoster among HIV-infected individuals: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Infect Dis 2016;213:551-5. 
  26. Tunbridge AJ, Breuer J, Jeffery KJ. Chickenpox in adults - clinical management. J Infect 2008;57:95-102. 
  27. Johnson RW, Whitton TL. Management of herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004;5(3):551-9. 
  28. Gebo KA, Kalyani R, Moore RD, et al. The incidence of, risk factors for, and sequelae of herpes zoster among HIV patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;40:169-74. 
  29. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  30. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  31. De SK, Hart JC, Breuer J. Herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus: recent advances in therapy. Curr Opin Infect Dis  2015;28:589-95. 
  32. Hatchette T, Tipples GA, Peters G, et al. Foscarnet salvage therapy for acyclovir-resistant varicella zoster: report of a novel thymidine kinase mutation and review of the literature. Pediatr Infect Dis J  2008;27:75-7. 
  33. Shafran SD, Tyring SK, Ashton R, et al. Once, twice, or three times daily famciclovir compared with aciclovir for the oral treatment of herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial. J Clin Virol 2004;29:248-53. 
  34. Ng PP, Sun YJ, Tan HH, et al. Detection of herpes simplex virus genomic DNA in various subsets of Erythema multiforme by polymerase chain reaction. Dermatology2003;207:349-53. 
  35. Corey L, Wald A, Celum CL, et al. The effects of herpes simplex virus-2 on HIV-1 acquisition and transmission: a review of two overlapping epidemics. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004;35:435-45. 
  36. Nagot N, Ouedraogo A, Foulongne V, et al. Reduction of HIV-1 RNA levels with therapy to suppress herpes simplex virus. N Engl J Med 2007;356:790-9. 
  37. Tan DH, Murphy K, Shah P, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV disease progression: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:502. 
  38. Tan DH, Raboud JM, Kaul R, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection does not accelerate CD4 count decline in untreated HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 2013;57:448-57. 
  39. Tan DH, Murphy K, Shah P, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV disease progression: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:502. 
  40. Wilkinson E. Herpes treatment may limit HIV transmission and progression. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:249. 
  41. Masur H, Brooks JT, Benson CA, et al. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:1308-11. 
  42. Sizemore JM J., Lakeman F, Whitley R, et al. The spectrum of genital herpes simplex virus infection in men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. TJ Infect Dis 2006;193:905-11. 
  43. Seang S, Boutolleau D, Burrel S, et al. Long-term follow-up of HIV-infected patients once diagnosed with acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus infection. Int J STD AIDS 2014;25:676-82. 
  44. Masur H, Brooks JT, Benson CA, et al. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:1308-11. 
  45. Van Vranken M. Prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases: an update. Am Fam Physician 2007;76:1827-32. 
  46. Wilkinson E. Herpes treatment may limit HIV transmission and progression. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:249. 
  47. Andrei G, Lisco A, Vanpouille C, et al. Topical tenofovir, a microbicide effective against HIV, inhibits herpes simplex virus-2 replication. Cell Host Microbe 2011;10:379-89. 
  48. Mujugira A, Magaret AS, Celum C, et al. Daily acyclovir to decrease herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) transmission from HSV-2/HIV-1 coinfected persons: a randomized controlled trial. J Infect Dis 2013;208:1366-74. 
  49. Strick LB, Wald A. Diagnostics for herpes simplex virus: is PCR the new gold standard? Mol Diagn Ther 2006;10:17-28. 
  50. Gormley RH, Kovarik CL. Human papillomavirus-related genital disease in the immunocompromised host: Part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;66:867 e1-14; quiz 81-2. 
  51. Gormley RH, Kovarik CL. Human papillomavirus-related genital disease in the immunocompromised host: Part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;66:867 e1-14; quiz 81-2. 
  52. Ruocco E, Donnarumma G, Baroni A, et al. Bacterial and viral skin diseases. Dermatol Clin 2007;25:663-76, xi. 
  53. Madkan VK, Cook-Norris RH, Steadman MC, et al. The oncogenic potential of human papillomaviruses: a review on the role of host genetics and environmental cofactors. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:228-41. 
  54. Madkan VK, Cook-Norris RH, Steadman MC, et al. The oncogenic potential of human papillomaviruses: a review on the role of host genetics and environmental cofactors. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:228-41. 
  55. Ruocco E, Donnarumma G, Baroni A, et al. Bacterial and viral skin diseases. Dermatol Clin 2007;25:663-76, xi. 
  56. Gormley RH, Kovarik CL. Human papillomavirus-related genital disease in the immunocompromised host: Part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;66:867 e1-14; quiz 81-2. 
  57. Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137. 
  58. Schofer H. Evaluation of imiquimod for the therapy of external genital and anal warts in comparison with destructive therapies. Br J Dermatol 2007;157 Suppl 2:52-5. 
  59. Hagensee ME, Cameron JE, Leigh JE, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and disease in HIV-infected individuals. Am J Med Sci 2004;328:57-63. 
  60. Gormley RH, Kovarik CL. Human papillomavirus-related genital disease in the immunocompromised host: Part II. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;66:883.e1-17; quiz 99-900. 
  61. Gur I. The epidemiology of Molluscum contagiosum in HIV-seropositive patients: a unique entity or insignificant finding? Int Jf STD AIDS 2008;19:503-6. 
  62. Fernando I, Pritchard J, Edwards SK, et al. UK national guideline for the management of Genital Molluscum in adults, 2014 Clinical Effectiveness Group, British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. Int J STD AIDS 2015;26:687-95. 
  63. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  64. Gur I. The epidemiology of Molluscum contagiosum in HIV-seropositive patients: a unique entity or insignificant finding? Int Jf STD AIDS 2008;19:503-6. 
  65. Hengge UR, Cusini M. Topical immunomodulators for the treatment of external genital warts, cutaneous warts and molluscum contagiosum. Br J Dermatol 2003;149 Suppl 66:15-9. 
  66. Toro JR, Wood LV, Patel NK, et al. Topical cidofovir: a novel treatment for recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1. Arch Dermatol. 2000;136:983-5. 
  67. Lehloenya R, Meintjes G. Dermatologic manifestations of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:549-70, vii. 
  68. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  69. Rodwell GE, Bayles CL, Towersey L, et al. The prevalence of dermatophyte infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Int J Dermatol 2008;47:339-43.
  70. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  71. Rodwell GE, Bayles CL, Towersey L, et al. The prevalence of dermatophyte infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Int J Dermatol 2008;47:339-43. 
  72. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  73. Ray A, Ray S, George AT, et al. Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011(8):Cd008739. 
  74. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  75. Pienaar ED, Young T, Holmes H. Interventions for the prevention and management of oropharyngeal candidiasis associated with HIV infection in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev  2010(11):Cd003940. 
  76. Venkatesan P, Perfect JR, Myers SA. Evaluation and management of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Dermatol Ther 2005;18:44-57. 
  77. Venkatesan P, Perfect JR, Myers SA. Evaluation and management of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Dermatol Ther 2005;18:44-57. 
  78. Rincon S, Celis A, Sopo L, et al. Malassezia yeast species isolated from patients with dermatologic lesions. Biomedica 2005;25:189-95. 
  79. Prohic A, Jovovic Sadikovic T, et al. Malassezia species in healthy skin and in dermatological conditions. Int J Dermatol 2016;55:494-504 
  80. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  81. Prohic A, Jovovic Sadikovic T, et al. Malassezia species in healthy skin and in dermatological conditions. Int J Dermatol 2016;55:494-504 
  82. Masur H, Brooks JT, Benson CA, et al. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:1308-11. 
  83. Masur H, Brooks JT, Benson CA, et al. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:1308-11. 
  84. Srivastava GN, Tilak R, Yadav J, et al. Cutaneous Cryptococcus: marker for disseminated infection. BMJ Case Rep 2015;2015. 
  85. Hogan MT. Cutaneous infections associated with HIV/AIDS. Dermatol  Clin 2006;24:473-95, vi. 
  86. van der Wouden JC, van der Sande R, van Suijlekom-Smit LW, et al. Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009(4):Cd004767. 
  87. Luo FL, Tao YH, Wang YM, et al. Clinical study of 23 pediatric patients with cryptococcosis. Eu Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015;19:3801-10. 
  88. Masur H, Brooks JT, Benson CA, et al. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:1308-11. 
  89. Masur H, Brooks JT, Benson CA, et al. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:1308-11. 
  90. Luo FL, Tao YH, Wang YM, et al. Clinical study of 23 pediatric patients with cryptococcosis. Eu Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015;19:3801-10. 
  91. Mehrabi M, Bagheri S, Leonard MK Jr, et al. Mucocutaneous manifestation of cryptococcal infection: report of a case and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63:1543-9. 
  92. Masur H, Brooks JT, Benson CA, et al. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:1308-11. 
  93. Ruhnke M. Mucosal and systemic fungal infections in patients with AIDS: prophylaxis and treatment. Drugs 2004;64:1163-80. 
  94. Larsson M, Nguyen LH, Wertheim HF, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of Penicillium marneffei infection among HIV-infected patients in northern Vietnam. AIDS Res Ther 2012;9:24. 
  95. Zheng J, Gui X, Cao Q, et al. A clinical study of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated Penicillium marneffei infection from a non-endemic area in China. PloS One 2015;10:e0130376. 
  96. Hall C, Hajjawi R, Barlow G, et al. Penicillium marneffei presenting as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a patient with advanced HIV. BMJ Case Rep 2013;2013. 
  97. Liu X, Wu H, Huang X. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection with IRIS. IDCases 2015;2(4):92-3. 
  98. Zheng J, Gui X, Cao Q, et al. A clinical study of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated Penicillium marneffei infection from a non-endemic area in China. PloS One 2015;10:e0130376. 
  99. Vanittanakom N, Cooper CR Jr, Fisher MC, et al. Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects. Clinl Microbiol Rev 2006;19:95-110. 
  100. Varghese GM, Pise G, Michael SJ, et al. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual. J Postgrad Med. 2004;50:235-6. 
  101. Taramelli D, Tognazioli C, Ravagnani F, et al. Inhibition of intramacrophage growth of Penicillium marneffei by 4-aminoquinolines. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:1450-5. 
  102. Masur H, Brooks JT, Benson CA, et al. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:1308-11. 
  103. Anuradha, Sinha A. Extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii infection in an AIDS patient: a case report. Acta cytologica 2007;51:599-601. 
  104. Bundow DL, Aboulafia DM. Skin involvement with Pneumocystis despite dapsone prophylaxis: a rare cause of skin nodules in a patient with AIDS. Am J Med Sci 1997;313:182-6.
  105. Masur H, Brooks JT, Benson CA, et al. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;58:1308-11.
  106. Hogan MT. Cutaneous infections associated with HIV/AIDS. Dermatol  Clin 2006;24:473-95, vi. 
  107. Diaz JH. Mite-transmitted dermatoses and infectious diseases in returning travelers. J Travel Med 2010;17:21-31. 
  108. Ken KM, Shockman SC, Sirichotiratana M, et al. Dermatoses associated with mites other than Sarcoptes. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2014;33:110-5.
  109. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  110. Lokuge B, Kopczynski A, Woltmann A, et al. Crusted scabies in remote Australia, a new way forward: lessons and outcomes from the East Arnhem Scabies Control Program. Med J Aust 2014;200:644-8. 
  111. Orkin M. Scabies in AIDS. Semin Dermatol 1993;12:9-14. 
  112. Johnston G, Sladden M. Scabies: diagnosis and treatment. BMJ  2005;331:619-22. 
  113. Dupuy A, Dehen L, Bourrat E, et al. Accuracy of standard dermoscopy for diagnosing scabies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:53-62. 
  114. Towersey L, Cunha MX, Feldman CA, et al. Dermoscopy of Norwegian scabies in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. An Bras Dermatol 2010;85 221-3. 
  115. Hogan MT. Cutaneous infections associated with HIV/AIDS. Dermatol  Clin 2006;24:473-95, vi. 
  116. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  117. Karthikeyan K. Crusted scabies. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2009;75(4):340-7. 
  118. Jacobson CC, Abel EA. Parasitic infestations. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56(6):1026-43. 
  119. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
  120. Karthikeyan K. Crusted scabies. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2009;75(4):340-7. 
  121. Sharma R, Singal A. Topical permethrin and oral ivermectin in the management of scabies: a prospective, randomized, double blind, controlled study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2011;77:581-6. 
  122. Johnston G, Sladden M. Scabies: diagnosis and treatment. BMJ  2005;331:619-22. 
  123. Karthikeyan K. Crusted scabies. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2009;75(4):340-7. 
  124. Garman ME, Tyring SK. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:193-208. 
  125. Dlova NC, Mosam A. Inflammatory noninfectious dermatoses of HIV. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:439-48, vi. 
  126. Cedeno-Laurent F, Gomez-Flores M, Mendez N, et al. New insights into HIV-1-primary skin disorders. J Inte AIDS Soc 2011;14:5.
  127. Garman ME, Tyring SK. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:193-208. 
  128. Dlova NC, Mosam A. Inflammatory noninfectious dermatoses of HIV. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:439-48, vi. 
  129. Dlova NC, Mosam A. Inflammatory noninfectious dermatoses of HIV. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:439-48, vi. 
  130. Cedeno-Laurent F, Gomez-Flores M, Mendez N, et al. New insights into HIV-1-primary skin disorders. J Inte AIDS Soc 2011;14:5. 
  131. Garman ME, Tyring SK. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:193-208. 
  132. Dlova NC, Mosam A. Inflammatory noninfectious dermatoses of HIV. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:439-48, vi. 
  133. Aftergut K, Cockerell CJ. Update on the cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Clinical and pathologic features. Dermatol Clin  1999;17:445-71, vii. 
  134. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  135. de Moraes AP, de Arruda EA, Vitoriano MA, et al. An open-label efficacy pilot study with pimecrolimus cream 1% in adults with facial seborrhoeic dermatitis infected with HIV. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007;21:596-601. 
  136. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  137. Kastarinen H, Oksanen T, Okokon EO, et al. Topical anti-inflammatory agents for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face or scalp. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;5:Cd009446. 
  138. Garman ME, Tyring SK. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:193-208.
  139. Cedeno-Laurent F, Gomez-Flores M, Mendez N, et al. New insights into HIV-1-primary skin disorders. J Inte AIDS Soc 2011;14:5. 
  140. Jordaan HF. Common skin and mucosal disorders in HIV/AIDS. SA Fam Pract 2008;50:14-23. 
  141. Khambaty MM, Hsu SS. Dermatology of the patient with HIV. Emerg Med Clin North Am  2010;28(2):355-68. 
  142. Garman ME, Tyring SK. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:193-208. 
  143. Dlova NC, Mosam A. Inflammatory noninfectious dermatoses of HIV. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:439-48, vi. 
  144. Mamkin I, Mamkin A, Ramanan SV. HIV-associated psoriasis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:496. 
  145. Morar N, Willis-Owen SA, Maurer T, et al. HIV-associated psoriasis: pathogenesis, clinical features, and management. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;10:470-8. 
  146. Cedeno-Laurent F, Gomez-Flores M, Mendez N, et al. New insights into HIV-1-primary skin disorders. J Inte AIDS Soc 2011;14:5. 
  147. Mamkin I, Mamkin A, Ramanan SV. HIV-associated psoriasis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:496.
  148. Dlova NC, Mosam A. Inflammatory noninfectious dermatoses of HIV. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:439-48, vi. 
  149. Cedeno-L{ref}Garman ME, Tyring SK. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:193-208. 
  150. Garman ME, Tyring SK. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:193-208. 
  151. Medina F, Perez-Saleme L, Moreno J. Rheumatic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am  2006;20:891-912. 
  152. Jordaan HF. Common skin and mucosal disorders in HIV/AIDS. SA Fam Pract 2008;50:14-23. 
  153. Garman ME, Tyring SK. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:193-208. 
  154. Saketkoo LA, Espinoza LR. Impact of biologic agents on infectious diseases. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2006;20:931-61, viii.
  155. Rajendran PM, Dolev JC, Heaphy MR Jr, et al. Eosinophilic folliculitis: before and after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy. ArchDermatol 2005;141:1227-31. 
  156. Garman ME, Tyring SK. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:193-208. 
  157. Lehloenya R, Meintjes G. Dermatologic manifestations of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:549-70, vii. 
  158. Dlova NC, Mosam A. Inflammatory noninfectious dermatoses of HIV. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:439-48, vi. 
  159. Eisman S. Pruritic papular eruption in HIV. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:449-57, vi. 
  160. Afonso JP, Tomimori J, Michalany NS, et al. Pruritic papular eruption and eosinophilic folliculitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a histopathological and immunohistochemical comparative study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:269-75. 
  161. Penneys NS, Nayar JK, Bernstein H, et al. Chronic pruritic eruption in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with increased antibody titers to mosquito salivary gland antigens. J Am Acad Dermatol  1989;21(2 Pt 2):421-5. 
  162. Lehloenya R, Meintjes G. Dermatologic manifestations of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:549-70, vii. 
  163. Garman ME, Tyring SK. The cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:193-208. 
  164. Khambaty MM, Hsu SS. Dermatology of the patient with HIV. Emerg Med Clin North Am  2010;28(2):355-68.
  165. Dlova NC, Mosam A. Inflammatory noninfectious dermatoses of HIV. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:439-48, vi. 
  166. Chua SL, Amerson EH, Leslie KS, et al. Factors associated with pruritic papular eruption of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the antiretroviral therapy era. Br J Dermatol 2014;170:832-9. 
  167. Rajendran PM, Dolev JC, Heaphy MR Jr, et al. Eosinophilic folliculitis: before and after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy. ArchDermatol 2005;141:1227
  168. 169.
  169. Eisman S. Pruritic papular eruption in HIV. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:449-57, vi. 
  170. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  171. Todd G. Adverse cutaneous drug eruptions and HIV: a clinician's global perspective. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:459-72, vi. 
  172. Todd G. Adverse cutaneous drug eruptions and HIV: a clinician's global perspective. Dermatol Clin 2006;24:459-72, vi. 
  173. Altman K, Vanness E, Westergaard RP. Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus: a clinical update. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2015;17:464. 
  174. Ward HA, Russo GG, Shrum J. Cutaneous manifestations of antiretroviral therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:284-93. 
  175. Greenberger PA. 8. Drug allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunolo 2006;117:S464-70. 
  176. Bastuji-Garin S, Rzany B, Stern RS, et al. Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme. Arch Dermatol 1993;129:92-6. 
  177. 177. Knight L, Muloiwa R, Dlamini S, Lehloenya RJ. Factors associated with increased mortality in a predominantly HIV-infected population with Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. PloS One 2014;9:e93543. 
  178. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. 
  179. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee.  Guidelines on the treatment of skin and oral HIV-associated conditions in children and adults. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.